![]() There are several other mechanisms of natural fragmentation in plants. If a rooted shoot becomes detached from the colony, then fragmentation has occurred. Many trees, shrubs, nonwoody perennials, and ferns form clonal colonies by producing new rooted shoots by rhizomes or stolons, which increases the diameter of the colony. In Plants :įragmentation is a very common type of vegetative reproduction in plants. It can also refer to the state or result of being broken up or having been divided. Fragmentation most generally means the process of fragmenting-breaking into pieces or being divided into parts. Larger fragments of the thallus may break away when the lichen dries or due to mechanical disturbances. These structures contain both hyphae of the mycobiont and the algae (phycobiont ). Many lichens produce specialized structures that can easily break away and disperse. Then a piece of hyphae breaks off and grows into a new individual and the cycle continues. These hyphae obtain food and nutrients from the body of other organisms to grow and fertilize. Molds, yeasts, and mushrooms, all of which are part of the Fungi kingdom, produce tiny filaments called hyphae. All multicellular organisms can not reproduce by this method because the random increase in the number of cells, organization into tissue and then organs is not practical. The filament simply breaks into two or more fragments on maturation and each fragment grows into a new spirogyra. Spirogyra(a green filamentous algae plant found in ponds, lakes, etc), sea anemones (marine animal). ![]() In DNA cloning part of the genes are transferred from the main body to fragments whereas, in apoptosis, the decay of dead cells occurs. The two main areas where fragmentation plays a very vital role in biological cells are apoptosis and DNA cloning. The breaking up of a body of a simple multicellular organism into two or more pieces on maturing, each of which grows to form a completely new organism is called fragmentation. Fragmentation as a method of reproduction is seen in organisms such as filamentous cyanobacteria, molds, lichens, sponges, acoel flatworms, some annelid worms, and sea stars. ![]() ![]() If the splitting occurs without the prior preparation of the organism, both fragments must be able to regenerate the complete organism for it to function as reproduction. The organism may develop specific organs or zones to shed or be easily broken off. Each of these fragments develops into mature, fully grown individuals that are clones of the original organism. Fragmentation in multicellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning, where an organism is split into fragments. ![]()
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